Expanding Therapeutic Applications of Tofacitinib in Immune-Mediated Skin Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Main Article Content

Nina Schur
Natasha Doshi
Lexi Garber
Marcia Ballantyne
Milaan Shah

Keywords

Tofacitinib, Vitiligo, Alopecia areata, Atopic dermatitis, Psoriasis, Plaque psoriasis, Cutaneous inflammation

Abstract

Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor targeting JAK1 and JAK3, has gained attention for its immunomodulatory effects, particularly in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. While initially approved for rheumatoid arthritis, its off-label uses in dermatology are expanding, with promising results in conditions such as vitiligo, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and plaque psoriasis. By inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, tofacitinib reduces cytokine-mediated inflammation and immune cell activation, offering a novel therapeutic option for dermatological disorders where traditional treatments have failed. This review explores the pharmacology of tofacitinib, its current off-label dermatological uses, and future research opportunities. It also addresses challenges related to long-term safety, accessibility, and treatment resistance. Ongoing clinical trials and potential new indications, as well as combination therapies, are discussed, highlighting tofacitinib's evolving role in dermatology.

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