Cutaneous Metastasis of Thymic Carcinoma to the Frontal Scalp
Main Article Content
Keywords
thymic carcinoma, metastasis, immunohistochemistry, cutaneous metastasis
Abstract
Thymic carcinomas are a rare variant of thymic epithelial tumors. Compared to thymomas, they are much more aggressive, difficult to treat, and have a higher mortality rate. Metastasis outside of the mediastinum is rare and usually to sites such as the lung, lymph nodes, liver, pleura, or bones. We report a case of immunohistochemistry proven thymic carcinoma metastasis to the cutaneous surface of the frontal scalp in a 53-year-old Asian female.
References
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12. Zamecnik J, Kodet R. Value of thyroid transcription factor-1 and surfactant apoprotein A in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary carcinomas: a study of 109 cases. Virchows Arch. 2002;440(4):353-361. doi:10.1007/s00428-001-0552-2
2. Yuan Y, Pu H, Pang M, Liu Y, Li H. Thymic carcinoma metastasize to the small intestine: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20. doi:10.1186/s12876-020-01505-7
3. Weissferdt A, Moran CA. Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of thymic epithelial neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2014;22(7):479-487.
doi:10.1097/PAI.0b013e3182a53856
4. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Thymomas and Thymic Carcinomas. Version 1.2021. Accessed at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf on April 21, 2021.
5. Choi SJ, Rho NK, Yang JM, Lee ES. A Case of Cutaneous Matestasis Originating from Thymic Carcinoma. Annals of Dermatology. 2016;14(4):230-234. Accessed August 17, 2020. https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?RID=2158758&DT=1
6. Eng TY, Fuller CD, Jagirdar J, Bains Y, Thomas CR. Thymic carcinoma: state of the art review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;59(3):654-664. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.021
7. Kriegsmann M, Muley T, Harms A, et al. Differential diagnostic value of CD5 and CD117 expression in thoracic tumors: A large scale study of 1465 non-small cell lung cancer cases. Diagn Pathol. 2015;10. doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0441-7
8. Weissferdt A, Moran CA. Thymic carcinoma, part 1: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 65 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012;138(1):103-114. doi:10.1309/AJCP88FZTWANLRCB
9. Berezowski K, Grimes MM, Gal A, Kornstein MJ. CD5 immunoreactivity of epithelial cells in thymic carcinoma and CASTLE using paraffin-embedded tissue. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996;106(4):483-486. doi:10.1093/ajcp/106.4.483
10. Jeong JH, Kim NY, Pyo J-S. Analysis of PAX8 immunohistochemistry in lung cancers: a meta-analysis. J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):300-309. doi:10.4132/jptm.2020.06.08
11. Weissferdt A, Moran CA. Pax8 expression in thymic epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35(9):1305-1310. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182260735
12. Zamecnik J, Kodet R. Value of thyroid transcription factor-1 and surfactant apoprotein A in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary carcinomas: a study of 109 cases. Virchows Arch. 2002;440(4):353-361. doi:10.1007/s00428-001-0552-2